Linear and planar erosion. Particularly strongly dissected by gullies are the ostar-watershed massifs of southern and southeastern Mordovia, as well as the left bank of the Moksha. On the water-glacial plain erosion processes are localized mainly on the steep aboriginal slopes of the valleys, where ruts and gullies are formed under the action of temporary streams. The growing gully network causes significant damage to agriculture, reducing the useful area of arable land.
On the slopes of erosion-denudation and secondary morainic plains of eastern and central Mordovia, a flat flushing is active. The development of this process contributes to a number of factors: rainfall, hilly terrain, the spread of washable deposits. In conditions of undisturbed vegetation, slope erosion is poorly developed. On agricultural lands, flat erosion is intensified in spring, during the melting of snows, and in summer, during the period of rainfall rainfall.
Karst processes develop in the region of shallow occurrence of Assel and Upper Carboniferous rocks. The crusts of karst origin are cup-shaped depressions, sometimes filled with water, such as Lake Endozhishche in Temnikovskiy district. Zapadins are rounded with flat and flat slopes with a diameter of up to 20, sometimes up to 50 m.
Suffosion processes are characteristic for water-glacial and secondary moraine plains. Suffoxes of suffosion origin often have a diameter of up to 10 m, sometimes as high as 30 m. They are grouped by separate foci or are located along the flow of groundwater.
Suffosion-karst processes are manifested in the area of Upper Cretaceous sediments (Maastrichtian and Turonian-Campanian terrigenous-carbonate formations) in southeastern and southern Mordovia. These sections are widely represented by small funnels of round shape with a diameter of up to 3 m, overgrown with moisture-loving vegetation.
Dampness and flooding. The formation of wetlands depends on the activity of surface and groundwater. The waterlogging is mainly developed in river valleys (floodplains and pritylovyh parts of terraces), the lower parts of gentle slopes on groundwater discharge areas or obstructed drainage of rainwater.
Aeolian relief forms - ancient dunes are common on the water-glacial plains and above-floodplain terraces of the valleys of Vada, Moksha, Alatyr, and Sura.
Landslide formation. Most landslides develop on the secondary moraine plains - in the left bank of Moksha and on the right bank of Alatyr, less - within the slopes of the tributaries of the tributaries of Insara, Issa, Rudny and Sivini. They gravitate to the groundwater discharge areas, washed up slopes, river valleys, ravine and gully sides, steep slopes. There are block landslides, but surface landslides or mudflows with a depth of occurrence of the sliding surface up to 1-1.5 m and a height of the separation walls from 0.6 to 15 m are more widespread. The landslide slopes have a length of up to 2-3 km. Ancient landslides are characterized by circus-shaped forms with terraces. They are mostly filthy, but they are also fresh, with naked peel walls, the steepness of which is 45-60 degrees. The surface of landslide accumulations is tuberous, with a general slope to the bed or thalweg. Destructive nature of the processes of soil slippage are in Krasnoslobodsk, Temnikov.
On the slopes of erosion-denudation and secondary morainic plains of eastern and central Mordovia, a flat flushing is active. The development of this process contributes to a number of factors: rainfall, hilly terrain, the spread of washable deposits. In conditions of undisturbed vegetation, slope erosion is poorly developed. On agricultural lands, flat erosion is intensified in spring, during the melting of snows, and in summer, during the period of rainfall rainfall.
Karst processes develop in the region of shallow occurrence of Assel and Upper Carboniferous rocks. The crusts of karst origin are cup-shaped depressions, sometimes filled with water, such as Lake Endozhishche in Temnikovskiy district. Zapadins are rounded with flat and flat slopes with a diameter of up to 20, sometimes up to 50 m.
Suffosion processes are characteristic for water-glacial and secondary moraine plains. Suffoxes of suffosion origin often have a diameter of up to 10 m, sometimes as high as 30 m. They are grouped by separate foci or are located along the flow of groundwater.
Suffosion-karst processes are manifested in the area of Upper Cretaceous sediments (Maastrichtian and Turonian-Campanian terrigenous-carbonate formations) in southeastern and southern Mordovia. These sections are widely represented by small funnels of round shape with a diameter of up to 3 m, overgrown with moisture-loving vegetation.
Dampness and flooding. The formation of wetlands depends on the activity of surface and groundwater. The waterlogging is mainly developed in river valleys (floodplains and pritylovyh parts of terraces), the lower parts of gentle slopes on groundwater discharge areas or obstructed drainage of rainwater.
Aeolian relief forms - ancient dunes are common on the water-glacial plains and above-floodplain terraces of the valleys of Vada, Moksha, Alatyr, and Sura.
Landslide formation. Most landslides develop on the secondary moraine plains - in the left bank of Moksha and on the right bank of Alatyr, less - within the slopes of the tributaries of the tributaries of Insara, Issa, Rudny and Sivini. They gravitate to the groundwater discharge areas, washed up slopes, river valleys, ravine and gully sides, steep slopes. There are block landslides, but surface landslides or mudflows with a depth of occurrence of the sliding surface up to 1-1.5 m and a height of the separation walls from 0.6 to 15 m are more widespread. The landslide slopes have a length of up to 2-3 km. Ancient landslides are characterized by circus-shaped forms with terraces. They are mostly filthy, but they are also fresh, with naked peel walls, the steepness of which is 45-60 degrees. The surface of landslide accumulations is tuberous, with a general slope to the bed or thalweg. Destructive nature of the processes of soil slippage are in Krasnoslobodsk, Temnikov.