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LAKES
There are about 500 lakes in Mordovia, the 80 largest of them have a total mirror area of about 9 km2.
By origin, lake basins are predominantly riverine (floodplain lakes). These are the branches or ducts separated from the main channel - the remnants of the former bends, have an elongated-winding or horseshoe shape (Inerka, Inork, Zhegalovo, Bolshaya Palkino, etc.). Less widespread are basins of karst origin (in northwestern Mordovia), the largest of them - the lake. The monster. The biggest lake in the republic is Inerka.
The main sources of supply of lakes are rivers, atmospheric precipitation, ground and interplastic waters. The lakes of Mordovia are characterized by a spring level rise, followed by a gradual decline during the summer and winter seasons. In some rainy years there is a summer or autumn increase in the level. The spring rise usually begins in the second half of April, 5 to 10 days after the beginning of the high water on the rivers. Its height averages from 0.6 to 1.2 m, which depends both on the water content of the spring period, and on the morphology of the lake basin, the size of the basin. The maximum level of spring rise is observed usually in the last decade of April. In winter, the level change is mostly insignificant. The annual amplitude of the level fluctuations is 1.0-1.5 m. In summer, the water temperature at the surface is 20 ° C, in shallow waters - 25-30, in the depth - up to 10 ° C. Lakes are mainly eutrophic and dystrophic. Mineralization of fresh lakes 40-500 mg / dm3, according to the chemical composition of water belong to the hydrocarbonate class.
Marshes
Marshes occupy 16.5 thousand hectares. The most common in the valleys of Alatyr, Moksha, Sura and the water-glacial plains of western Mordovia. The lowland marshes prevail, the upper and transitional are less widespread. The water of the peat bogs is clear or cloudy, with a yellowish or brown tint, with a characteristic marsh odor due to the presence of humic acids. According to the composition of water, hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium or magnesium and chloride calcium or sodium, fresh, with mineralization 0.05-0.42 g / dm3, soft and moderately hard (0.5-5.31 meq / l). The water of the peatlands gives rise to many rivers. Marshes are the most important components of the natural environment involved in hydrological and biological processes. They serve as natural regulators of surface and groundwater runoff. Many of them in the Republic of Moldova have been declared specially protected natural areas.
Springs
In the territory of Mordovia there are about 10 000 springs. Their debit and water quality are determined by the properties of aquifers. The flow rates of springs vary from 0.01 to 0.5 l / s. In the direction of movement of groundwater to the outlet to the surface, they can be ascending, directed upward, and downward, in which water flows downward under pressure or without pressure. Regime sources are divided into permanent, seasonal and temporary. The chemical composition of the water is mainly hydrocarbonate or sulphate-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium. In the north-western Mordovia there are unique karst springs associated with the outlet of waters from the limestone crustaceans of the Carboniferous and Permian ages. The waters are predominantly bicarbonate calcium with mineralization from 0.34 to 0.53 g / dm3, have good drinking quality. Good fame is about the springs Paraskeva-Voznesensky, Sanaxar, Sarov monasteries, Makarovsky churchyard, etc.
There are about 500 lakes in Mordovia, the 80 largest of them have a total mirror area of about 9 km2.
By origin, lake basins are predominantly riverine (floodplain lakes). These are the branches or ducts separated from the main channel - the remnants of the former bends, have an elongated-winding or horseshoe shape (Inerka, Inork, Zhegalovo, Bolshaya Palkino, etc.). Less widespread are basins of karst origin (in northwestern Mordovia), the largest of them - the lake. The monster. The biggest lake in the republic is Inerka.
The main sources of supply of lakes are rivers, atmospheric precipitation, ground and interplastic waters. The lakes of Mordovia are characterized by a spring level rise, followed by a gradual decline during the summer and winter seasons. In some rainy years there is a summer or autumn increase in the level. The spring rise usually begins in the second half of April, 5 to 10 days after the beginning of the high water on the rivers. Its height averages from 0.6 to 1.2 m, which depends both on the water content of the spring period, and on the morphology of the lake basin, the size of the basin. The maximum level of spring rise is observed usually in the last decade of April. In winter, the level change is mostly insignificant. The annual amplitude of the level fluctuations is 1.0-1.5 m. In summer, the water temperature at the surface is 20 ° C, in shallow waters - 25-30, in the depth - up to 10 ° C. Lakes are mainly eutrophic and dystrophic. Mineralization of fresh lakes 40-500 mg / dm3, according to the chemical composition of water belong to the hydrocarbonate class.
Marshes
Marshes occupy 16.5 thousand hectares. The most common in the valleys of Alatyr, Moksha, Sura and the water-glacial plains of western Mordovia. The lowland marshes prevail, the upper and transitional are less widespread. The water of the peat bogs is clear or cloudy, with a yellowish or brown tint, with a characteristic marsh odor due to the presence of humic acids. According to the composition of water, hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium or magnesium and chloride calcium or sodium, fresh, with mineralization 0.05-0.42 g / dm3, soft and moderately hard (0.5-5.31 meq / l). The water of the peatlands gives rise to many rivers. Marshes are the most important components of the natural environment involved in hydrological and biological processes. They serve as natural regulators of surface and groundwater runoff. Many of them in the Republic of Moldova have been declared specially protected natural areas.
Springs
In the territory of Mordovia there are about 10 000 springs. Their debit and water quality are determined by the properties of aquifers. The flow rates of springs vary from 0.01 to 0.5 l / s. In the direction of movement of groundwater to the outlet to the surface, they can be ascending, directed upward, and downward, in which water flows downward under pressure or without pressure. Regime sources are divided into permanent, seasonal and temporary. The chemical composition of the water is mainly hydrocarbonate or sulphate-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium. In the north-western Mordovia there are unique karst springs associated with the outlet of waters from the limestone crustaceans of the Carboniferous and Permian ages. The waters are predominantly bicarbonate calcium with mineralization from 0.34 to 0.53 g / dm3, have good drinking quality. Good fame is about the springs Paraskeva-Voznesensky, Sanaxar, Sarov monasteries, Makarovsky churchyard, etc.
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