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Forest Fund
The total area of forests as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 749 685 hectares, or 28.6% of all land in the Republic of Mordovia.
The executive authority in the sphere of forest relations is the Ministry of Forestry, Hunting and Nature Management of the Republic of Mordovia. It is managed by forests located on the lands of the forest fund (680,803 ha). In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Mordovia of August 21, 2008 No. 465, 9 territorial and 36 precinct forest districts were established within the administrative districts.
Forests located on lands of other categories include forests located on the lands of specially protected natural areas - 68 533 hectares (the State National Natural Park Smolny - 36 385 hectares and PG Smidovich Mordovian State Natural Reserve - 32 148 ha).
On average, the forest cover in the republic is about 27%, on the basis of what Mordovia is referred to as the poor forest regions of the Russian Federation. In the western part, the forest cover reaches 46.7%, in the eastern part - 19.1%, and in the central part - 34.2%.
Wood resources
The main forest-forming species of the republic are pine, oak, birch, aspen, linden, etc. Soft-leaved species dominate the forests, which account for 54.6% of the area covered by forests. However, among the forest-forming species, the first place is occupied by birch (32.1%), the second - pine (29.5%). Significant specific weight falls on oak forests - low oak (9.9%) and high-oak (3.3%). Aspen in the total land area occupies 12.6%.
The main forest forming species are grouped into farms: coniferous - 30.8%, hardwood - 14.5%, softwood - 54.6%.
There are relatively few spruce forests in the republic, here lies the southern border of the spruce area. In the past, it occupied a larger area, but due to repeated repeated droughts and a decrease in the water table, there is a widespread shrinking of spruce plantations.
NON-WEST VEGETABLE RESOURCES
Non-timber forest resources of the Republic of Mordovia are quite rich. In the forests there is a large number of food, medicinal, fodder, honey, decorative plant species and edible mushrooms. To the food and medicinal are numerous forest and marsh plants, giving edible fruits. These are forest raspberries, blackberries, kostyanika, kumanyk, cherry from the family Rosaceae. From the same botanical family through forest fires, felling, and in recent years on deposits of scented strawberries, on open dry slopes - strawberries. In coniferous and mixed forests grow cranberries, blueberries, in forest marshes - cranberries and blueberries belonging to the family of heather.
On riverine bushes, forest bogs in the republic there is black currant, on dry manes in the floodplain of Sura in some years gives a plentiful crop of currant with a bright red berries. A valuable food plant is hazel, or hazel.
The flora of Mordovia includes several hundred species of medicinal plants, including many trees and shrubs, for example birch warty, common pine, buckthorn crust, loser hopper, rose hips. Numerous herbaceous medicinal plants - valerian officinalis, lily of the valley, European hoof, plantain large, yarrow, medicinal herb, three-leaved watch, swampy saber, St. John's wort and others.
A large number of valuable fodder plants grow on the territory of the republic, first of all the plants of the families Zlaki (rindless bush, timothy grass, meadow foxgrass, etc.) and Pulses (clover species, sweet clover, peas). A special group of them are honey plants (linden, Tatar maple, mother-and-stepmother, Ivan the tea, white and medicinal sweetbreds). Plants of Mordovia can serve as a source of various technical raw materials, for example tannins (bark oak and various types of willow), dyeing agents (dyeing dyeing, dye dyeing, bruising), essential oils (sage, mint, oregano, caraway), resins spruce, common pine), give a vine for weaving, birch bark, cap for various products, including folk crafts. In the forests of Mordovia, a large number of species of edible mushrooms grow, which can be harvested from spring to late autumn (morels, white fungus, or boletus, mushrooms, redheads, butter mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus, podberezoviki, freckles, russules, meadow and autumn mushrooms, etc. ).
The total area of forests as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 749 685 hectares, or 28.6% of all land in the Republic of Mordovia.
The executive authority in the sphere of forest relations is the Ministry of Forestry, Hunting and Nature Management of the Republic of Mordovia. It is managed by forests located on the lands of the forest fund (680,803 ha). In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Mordovia of August 21, 2008 No. 465, 9 territorial and 36 precinct forest districts were established within the administrative districts.
Forests located on lands of other categories include forests located on the lands of specially protected natural areas - 68 533 hectares (the State National Natural Park Smolny - 36 385 hectares and PG Smidovich Mordovian State Natural Reserve - 32 148 ha).
On average, the forest cover in the republic is about 27%, on the basis of what Mordovia is referred to as the poor forest regions of the Russian Federation. In the western part, the forest cover reaches 46.7%, in the eastern part - 19.1%, and in the central part - 34.2%.
Wood resources
The main forest-forming species of the republic are pine, oak, birch, aspen, linden, etc. Soft-leaved species dominate the forests, which account for 54.6% of the area covered by forests. However, among the forest-forming species, the first place is occupied by birch (32.1%), the second - pine (29.5%). Significant specific weight falls on oak forests - low oak (9.9%) and high-oak (3.3%). Aspen in the total land area occupies 12.6%.
The main forest forming species are grouped into farms: coniferous - 30.8%, hardwood - 14.5%, softwood - 54.6%.
There are relatively few spruce forests in the republic, here lies the southern border of the spruce area. In the past, it occupied a larger area, but due to repeated repeated droughts and a decrease in the water table, there is a widespread shrinking of spruce plantations.
NON-WEST VEGETABLE RESOURCES
Non-timber forest resources of the Republic of Mordovia are quite rich. In the forests there is a large number of food, medicinal, fodder, honey, decorative plant species and edible mushrooms. To the food and medicinal are numerous forest and marsh plants, giving edible fruits. These are forest raspberries, blackberries, kostyanika, kumanyk, cherry from the family Rosaceae. From the same botanical family through forest fires, felling, and in recent years on deposits of scented strawberries, on open dry slopes - strawberries. In coniferous and mixed forests grow cranberries, blueberries, in forest marshes - cranberries and blueberries belonging to the family of heather.
On riverine bushes, forest bogs in the republic there is black currant, on dry manes in the floodplain of Sura in some years gives a plentiful crop of currant with a bright red berries. A valuable food plant is hazel, or hazel.
The flora of Mordovia includes several hundred species of medicinal plants, including many trees and shrubs, for example birch warty, common pine, buckthorn crust, loser hopper, rose hips. Numerous herbaceous medicinal plants - valerian officinalis, lily of the valley, European hoof, plantain large, yarrow, medicinal herb, three-leaved watch, swampy saber, St. John's wort and others.
A large number of valuable fodder plants grow on the territory of the republic, first of all the plants of the families Zlaki (rindless bush, timothy grass, meadow foxgrass, etc.) and Pulses (clover species, sweet clover, peas). A special group of them are honey plants (linden, Tatar maple, mother-and-stepmother, Ivan the tea, white and medicinal sweetbreds). Plants of Mordovia can serve as a source of various technical raw materials, for example tannins (bark oak and various types of willow), dyeing agents (dyeing dyeing, dye dyeing, bruising), essential oils (sage, mint, oregano, caraway), resins spruce, common pine), give a vine for weaving, birch bark, cap for various products, including folk crafts. In the forests of Mordovia, a large number of species of edible mushrooms grow, which can be harvested from spring to late autumn (morels, white fungus, or boletus, mushrooms, redheads, butter mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus, podberezoviki, freckles, russules, meadow and autumn mushrooms, etc. ).
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